Public Law 111-232 required the Secretary of the Treasury to mint coins in commemoration of the bicentennial of the writing of the Star-Spangled Banner. The Mint was authorized to produce not more than 100,000 $5 gold coins and not more than 500,000 $1 silver coins.
The obverse (heads side) design of the 2012 Star-Spangled Banner Commemorative Gold Five-Dollar Coin is emblematic of the theme "The Battles at Sea During the War of 1812." It depicts a naval battle scene from the War of 1812, with an American sailing ship in the foreground and a damaged and fleeing British ship in the background.
The reverse (tails) design is emblematic of the theme "The Star-Spangled Banner" (the song). It depicts the first words of the Star-Spangled Banner anthem, O say can you see, in Francis Scott Key's handwriting against a backdrop of 15 stars and 15 stripes, representing the Star-Spangled Banner flag.